Police reform through community-based policing

Philosophy and guidelines for implementation

Police reform is being increasingly recognised as a fundamental element of conflict management. A police service supported by the community and capable of arresting insecurity can have a far-reaching impact in enabling lasting economic, social and political development. Police reform also can complement and embolden other programming in the areas of security sector reform, rule of law and good governance. Efforts to reform the police and improve their service delivery face daunting political, financial, logistical and historical obstacles. Its very complexity can be intimidating, touching on issues of management, leadership, political will, attitudes, established behaviors and negative public perceptions. However, its centrality means that it cannot be shied away from. With police reform being undertaken by an ever-widening range of actors, a clearer understanding of what police reform entails and how it should be undertaken is essential. A community-based approach emphasises both reforming the police and refurbishing their public image. Going beyond a narrow focus on crime, the philosophy proposes police and communities working together in partnership in order to address community concerns. When successfully executed, it can both develop security and secure development. Success is contingent upon a well-understood philosophy, clearly thought out plan and a well organised and managed process to achieve it. Certain factors are also critical to a successful community-based policing engagement. In such a complex undertaking, a managed process of change is critical. A successful implementation entails comprehensive and detailed strategic planning. Care should be taken not to do too much too soon but incrementally build up the organisational capacity of police and communities. Design, planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of the intended engagement should be as wide and consultative as possible to ensure that the police, government, and civil society feel meaningfully involved. The program should establish benchworks for progress. Helpful for ensuring donor funding, it demonstrates what has been achieved and is a measurement for deciding when a reform process can continue without international involvement.